Which of these entities can NOT request your CCW permit status without your permission?

The correct answer is that private business owners cannot request your CCW permit status without your permission. This is because private businesses do not have the authority or the legal grounds to access sensitive personal information, such as concealed carry permit statuses, without consent from the individual.

In contrast, law enforcement officers, state licensing authorities, and federal agencies have specific roles and responsibilities that grant them access to this information. Law enforcement may need to verify permit status during traffic stops or other interactions to ensure compliance with the law. State licensing authorities require this information to manage and regulate concealed carry permits, ensuring that individuals are legally permitted to carry firearms. Federal agencies may also have a need for this information in the context of enforcing federal firearm laws and regulations. Thus, while private business owners may inquire about your CCW status, they must obtain your permission to access that information.